Here's my picks for each subgenre:
Heavy: Sabbath and Maiden's first 5 albums each; Judas priest's Sad wings of destiny, Screaming for vengeance, and painkiller
Death: scream bloody gore, altars of madness, none so vile, the bleeding, severed survival, onward to golgotha
Melodeath: the jester race, the gallery, slaughter of the soul, storm of the light's bane, heartwork
Black: transylvanian hunger, pure holocaust, in the nightside eclipse, de mysteriis dom sathanas, under the sign of the black mark, vikingligr veldi
Atmospheric/ambient black: Hvis lyset tar oss, filosofem, bergtatt,
Prog: images and words, Metropolis part 2, Blackwater park, crack the skye, from mars to sirius, lateralus
thrash: master of puppets, ride the lightning, peace sells but who's buying, rust in peace, reign in blood, mental vortex
Stoner/sludge: dopethrone, take as needed for pain, when the kite string pops, houdini, leviathan