Chronology

Joseph Scaliger (Hosephus Justus scaliger)

was a French historian, who was interested in ancient history, and an orientalist philologist (linguist) who was a student of Guillaume Postel, and his most important book was "On the Reformation of Times", which appeared in 1583 and talked about the science of time.

Chronology 

"Chronology" is a term made up of two syllables (chronos) meaning time, and (logos) meaning science, so the full meaning of the term is "the science of time" or "the study of time".

Chronology is concerned with the following:

1. The measurement of time, methods of measuring it, and the development of those methods throughout history, and it is concerned with time units from fractions of a second to light years and how to measure and divide them.

2. Chronology, which is the division of any time related to a phenomenon or object into epochs or readings from the largest to the smallest.

3. Tracing and sequencing events from farthest back in the past toward the present, which is different from the science of history, which details this sequence and excludes general laws and ideas.

4. The timeline, which is a graph of a set of consecutive events in a certain time, where this line is used to narrate and illustrate the results of historical, natural, scientific and other events, and the timeline is used as an educational tool to clarify the course of events and in the study of history and the biographies of individuals, objects or phenomena.

5. The calendar or calendar, which is (the measure of time for peoples and civilizations), a time counting system for calculating dates for days and organizing them for social, religious, commercial or administrative purposes based on various criteria).

Today, the world works with the Roman calendar, which consists of 12 months and is a calendar of Sumerian origin, but in 153 BC it was modified and January was set as the first month of the Roman year instead of the month of Matrius (March) (March). This calendar was called the Julian calendar because Julius Caesar was the one who imposed it in 45 BC.

6. Epoch is the division of the earth's time into long periods, especially geological periods.